What SI and ASI Investigation Officers Can and Cannot Do – A Must-Read

In criminal cases, it’s common for a Sub-Inspector (SI) or Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI) from the local police station to reach out to individuals and carry out investigations. They take statements from relevant parties and gather evidence. However, there's a widespread belief that an investigating officer has the authority to add or remove names from an FIR, arrest anyone, or even file a charge sheet in court.

But how much of this is actually true? Let’s take a closer look at what investigation officers—specifically SIs and ASIs—are legally empowered to do under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, Section 188.

What the Law Says (BNSS Section 188)

As per the law, only the Station House Officer (SHO)—typically an Inspector—has the authority to assign an SI or ASI to investigate a case, depending on its seriousness. Once assigned, the SI or ASI’s role is strictly limited: they are to investigate the matter as directed, record statements, gather evidence, and submit their findings to the SHO.

Crucially, an SI or ASI cannot independently:

1. Add or remove names in the FIR
2. Arrest any individual
3. File a charge sheet in court

Their job is strictly to investigate and report. All final decisions, including legal action, arrests, or court proceedings, lie solely with the SHO. Legally, the SHO is fully accountable for any action taken based on the investigation.

Bottom Line:

SIs and ASIs are important parts of the investigative process—but the power to make arrests or press charges rests with the Inspector in charge.